Annually, an estimated 98,000 deaths can be attributed to medical mistakes and doctor errors. In fact according to a recent study, during 2008, roughly 14 percent of hospital patients were subject to a medical error of varying severity. A higher percentage of medical errors are reported during the summer months, specifically in July.

Coined the "July effect", medical researchers believe the spike in medical errors during July is attributable to the influx of new doctors during this time. Many training hospitals begin new doctors' residencies during July and many of these doctors are inexperienced and are therefore more likely to make mistakes.

While a patient may not be able to avoid being hospitalized during July, there are a number of steps patients can take to lessen their risks of being subject to a medical error.

Avoid weekends: Doctors and nurses often work long hours and full weeks. If possible, it's wise to avoid scheduling procedures on Fridays or weekends as this is typically when staff will be more fatigued and hospitals tend to be understaffed during weekend hours.

Protect against germs: Infections acquired during a patient's hospital stay account for an estimated 30,000 deaths each year. Patients, therefore, should be vigilant in ensuring their rooms are cleaned with disinfectant and that all hospital staff washes their hands prior to any tests being administered.

Beware shift changes: While shift changes are unavoidable, vital information may be lost during a personnel change. It's a patient's right to request to meet with their nurse or care provider prior to a shift change to learn about their treatment plan and progress and then to meet again with the new provider who starts their shift.

Have a witness: In addition to the comfort having a family member or friend may provide, they can also be another set of eyes and ears. A loved one should be apprised of a patient's treatment plan so they can ask questions and advocate on behalf of the patient.

Source: MSNBC, "14 worst hospital mistakes to avoid," June 25, 2012